ci: enhance extensions test workflow #3793

Job	Run time
Build libsql (shared)	2m 25s
Cross-platform build checks (macos-latest)	1m 21s
Cross-platform build checks (windows-latest)	3m 10s
Extensions Tests	2m 6s
CR SQLite C Tests	1m 43s
CR SQLite Rust Tests	45s
	11m 30s

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